ABSTRACT The attention of contemporary planners to environmental factors and increasing awareness and communication of man with his surrounding environment has increased the layers and defining factors of design and PLANNING concepts. In such a way, a common problem with the issue of environmental capabilities to respond was put in front of the planners. The collection of ideas presented in this era was in the form of responsive PLANNING, focusing on the maximum use of environmental capabilities. The necessity of the emergence of a comprehensive discourse to overcome the plurality of factors, definitions and design methods in the environmental fields has been given less attention. Based on this, the current research aims to organize the leading theories in this field in a targeted manner and seeks to improve them based on their synergy. The structural question of this research is the meanings, examples and meaningful contexts of flexibility in various aspects and scales of URBAN PLANNING. The research method used is qualitative thematic analysis with the help of artificial intelligence in MAXQDA software in a 6-step processing process. The important application of this research is to structure the minds of the planners of this field to reduce the scattered and interdisciplinary problems of the resources. The results of this research revealed dimensions such as identification and recognizability, diversity and changeability, adaptability and expandability, distribution, separation and continuity, organization and compatibility in the field of flexibility and related to the corresponding parts in URBAN PLANNING   Extended Abstract Introduction Responsiveness-based design and PLANNING emphasizing the maximum use of environmental capacities to meet users' needs implicitly cause a targeted improvement of environmental quality. As the environmental awareness of contemporary man has expanded and the platforms have become more diverse, many challenges are raised in the field of environment-oriented in the field of infrastructure quality and service provision. URBAN developments and new developments in cities should be interpreted with integrated conceptualization. The conceptualization of interpretive flexibility in the PLANNING and designing of public spaces in the city is used as an interdisciplinary perspective in URBAN space design to open and discuss its connection and potential as an approach to strengthening social cohesion and inclusion. The general definition of flexibility is that it can create places with new forms of meaning and be used for different groups to strengthen its coherence and multidisciplinary inclusion in terms of design and PLANNING of space and body. On this basis, the concept of flexibility is proposed as a principle in the context of design and PLANNING due to its wide range of effects on background phenomena. The history of such a role can be seen in the diversity of users' needs. In such a way, it is impossible to express the specific time and area of the need to pay attention to this concept. This is in line with Oldenburg's theory of "social public spaces," in which being in public space, communicating with people and the environment through observing the streets, sidewalks, squares, and parks of the city is a necessary step for people as a part of their social life. The meaningfulness of the design of the artificial environment was considered. In any case, in the contemporary era, on the one hand, at the same time as the quantitative and qualitative increase of human environmental awareness, there is no longer any phenomenon in the eyes of contemporary man arising from a unique aspect and range of factors. On the other hand, his life needs in the individual and collective dimensions have seen a high diversity, which has led to the formation of multiple semantic domains of past flexibility. The meaning of flexibility in such an interdisciplinary platform and basic design refers to the concept of understanding and responding quickly and efficiently to environmental changes. Such a holistic definition for this broad field of environmental design means the implicit acceptance of the role of scale in the meaningful domain of these concepts. On a macro scale, it means making design options to increase the presence, participation, and power of choices of users of the environment in participatory URBAN PLANNING and design methods, and on a small scale, it means making design options to increase spatial quality and, as a result, the quality of activities. The daily activities of environmental users are through selection against the "dominant space." Flexibility at different scales is crucial for dimensional optimization, shaping, and structuring spatial features, leading to improved performance of space components and spaces. The development of the concept of "flexibility" from various studies in metropolitan to micro scales, such as interior architecture, allows it to pass the discourse of responsiveness to provide a broad approach to environmental design in which different values, interests, and priorities are prioritized. As a result, the issue of flexibility in environmental design has been raised as a multi-dimensional field in the design and PLANNING of the basic environment. The breadth and complexity of this concept have made the researchers of this field deal with it in one or more ways, and it has been avoided to provide a comprehensive framework about the nature and structuring processes. The current research presents a structured view of flexibility in architecture and URBAN PLANNING with an environmental approach.   Methodology The methodology to achieve this goal is to use the macro research method and achieve a comprehensive framework by combining categorized interpretations. In such a way that by sorting and categorizing these concepts and bases in a new way, he has found a new level of theoretical findings, which will be a suitable answer for the gaps in scientific knowledge and scientific methods created in this field. In this context, the research method "thematic analysis" has been used with a qualitative approach and the use of library resources. Also, to overcome the breadth and complexity of these concepts and the multi-layer networking of concepts in this research method, artificial intelligence has been used in MAXQDA research assistance software.   Results and discussion In the meantime, attention should also be paid to the fields of influence and application of the results of this research because designers refer to flexibility as the creator of environmental qualities, including dynamism. Also, since flexibility, along with the principles of readability and adaptability, affect the lifestyle and behavioral patterns of the audience of environmental design in architecture and URBAN PLANNING, it will also be effective in dealing with the challenge of complexity in environmental design factors. One of the key questions for achieving research goals on this issue is how flexibility in environmental design impacts the relationship between flexibility and scale.   Conclusion The most important finding of this research suggests that first, it requires a focus on the conditions under which the processes of perceiving human abilities and discovering the needs of the human audience can manifest. The theoretical framework arises from a comparative approach between design disciplines. These conditions are independent of the final state of the design product, and strengthening the environmental capacities will lead to a direction and an area that includes environmental flexibility. By responding to new situations, the construction of the space and the body within a space building can be adapted to various configurations. Even though the environment may remain constant, the designed place will continue functioning as a strong living system over time.  It also seems that the nature of issues related to flexibility has complexity. Considering that the quality of flexibility in URBAN PLANNING and architecture is significant in multilevel and multifaceted scales from micro to macro, it is important to pay attention to the scale of different variables. In order to reduce this problem, the consistency and adjustment of the scale of the variables measured in a specific analysis should be considered in the first step.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

There exist some challenges between traditional URBAN PLANNING and MODERN one during last decades. Imbalanced URBAN growth, lack of URBAN spatial organization, vacant lands around the cities, disproportionate per capita of land, improper URBAN population density, lack of coordination, low neighborhood’s security, increasing URBAN transportation costs and uneconomic nature of some of URBAN-infrastructures are being considered as most prominent URBAN problems. This in turn, requires the investigation regarding traditional URBAN PLANNING as well as MODERN one in order to fully rehabilitate Iran-Islamic URBAN PLANNING.The major objective of this study is to investigate as well as to analyze Yazd’s URBAN PLANNING patterns, with emphasis upon traditional patterns toward indigenous MODERN URBAN pattern corresponding with Iranian-Islamic culture.As a matter of fact MODERN URBAN PLANNING is based on traditional URBAN PLANNING. This fact has been ignored in MODERN Yazd’s PLANNING.This in turn, has led to high energy consumption level, environmental pollution, lack of social coherences, lack of URBAN security as well as lack of identity in URBAN spaces. The research method of this study is based on descriptive-analytical and survey approaches. In addition, Holder’s model and quarter distribution will be applied. This study suggests that, MODERN URBAN PLANNING not only is not against with traditional ones but also, they possess complementary nature toward indigeneuity and sustainability. In order to ameliorate URBAN problems, we have to stress on Iranian-Islamic structures.This enhances the cultural legacies as well as environmental standards.

With the rise of the Qajar dynasty and the formation of a powerful central unit government, Iran entered a new phase of its political and social life. This era continued differently with the Kingdom of Fath Ali Shah. The establishment of the Tabriz's Dar al-Saltaneh in 1213 AH, with the presence of great ministers such as Mirza Isa, Mirza Abolghasem Ghaem-Maqam-Farahani, led Abbasmirza Nayeb al-Saltanah in a course that took Tabriz out of the "old court" of Tehran to become the focal point for the "new design. " The heavy defeats of Russia created a deep and profound intellectual crisis in Abbas Mirza's minds, the great deputy, and the community, which raised a grand cause that could be considered the beginning of the Iranian awakening. Simultaneously, with the change in the army and the establishment of a new system, Tabriz's MODERNization was not left alone in thought; These changes later became a model for similar actions in Tehran and then in some Iranian cities. This article seeks to read MODERNity in Tabriz's Dar al-Saltaneh. The effects of this reading have materialized in Tabriz and have become a model for URBAN change in Qajar, Pahlavi-era Iran. The principles of MODERN URBANism in the "Tabrizi Style" and "Tabriz School" became the starting point for transforming Iranian cities and URBANization. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to investigate this claim by using text and sources and analyzing data based on descriptive and explanatory methods.

Aims: A new generation of building materials is produced using computing and digital methods. Recombinant building materials have created new perspectives. The main purpose of research is to study, analyze and prioritize the computing of new materials in accordance with environment. The practical purpose of the research is to explain the concept and present strategies based on the use of appropriate materials to achieve the model of "healthy city". Methods: It is qualitative-quantitative research in terms of methodology. Qualitative steps lead to the explanation of the conceptual framework of the research, and quantitative steps lead to prioritization of the strategies base on online questionnaire. Kappa coefficient has been used to confirm the reliability. A total of 386 questionnaires were collected and the results were analyzed using Spearman correlation. Findings: Among the ten items extracted about the new materials used, four items with a high degree of significance were obtained: 1-Exposure to direct sunlight, 2-Material health (MSDS), 3-Ease of replacement and replacement, and 4-Degree of moisture absorption, respectively. Conclusion: The increasing risk of pandemics shows that the concept of the healthy city is not possible without the computing of new materials; an interdisciplinary field that requires a combined approach of green chemistry, biocomputing and materials-based computing. Computing new materials is an effective way to achieve the healthy city which is in need of environmental education and the healthy city management skill development.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and evaluate the sustainability of Bandar Abbas neighborhoods with emphasis on MODERN URBAN PLANNING indicators. The purpose of the present study is applied studies and its predominant approach is descriptive-analytical. Library and field methods (questionnaire) have been used to collect data. The statistical population of the study includes 152862 households living in Bandar Abbas. To determine the sample size using Cochran's formula, the sample size of 383 households was selected. Then, different dimensions of sustainable development (economic, social and environmental) were evaluated using the opinions of heads of households in different parts of Bandar Abbas. The results show that among the neighborhoods of Bandar Abbas in terms of social sustainability, Golshahr, Azadegan and Shah Hosseini neighborhoods have the best performance and posht shahr, Soro and duhezar neighborhoods have less social sustainability. Golshahr, Azadegan and Nayband have more stability and Tohid, Chahestani and Behesht Zahra neighborhoods have less economic stability than other neighborhoods. In the study of environmental indicators of sustainable development, Shah Hosseini, derakht e sabz and Golshahrz neighborhoods have the most environmental sustainability. And the neighborhoods of Nayband, Posht Shahr and Soro have the least environmental sustainability

Experience and studies conducted around the world show that in order to succeed in the process of management and development of today's cities with various problems and defects in physical, social, cultural, and economic dimensions, it is necessary for citizens to have real and sustainable participation in URBAN affairs. This paper is presented to provide a perceptual framework on the process of public participation in URBAN PLANNING. Our approach is to adapt this paper to different countries in order to introduce the concept of real participation in achieving sustainable URBAN development. For this purpose, after presenting the concepts and models of participation and reviewing the case examples of participation in the world, the problems and obstacles of participation programs in Iran is examined. The adopted research methodology is the review of the collection of information from selected books and other sources, being explored through descriptive and comparative-analytical methods. T he results show that some developed countries in the world have been able to succeed in implementing real partnership projects and sustainable URBAN development by adopting policies and strategies such as education, transparency, trust in citizens, etc. But in contrast, in Iran, this is with various problems such as; Mutual distrust between citizens and city managers, incompatibility of citizens' priorities with the proposed programs, inconsistency of executive institutions with each other, economic problems, lack of effective education, etc., which leads to the failure of executive plans and programs and also keeps them depended and relying on the center.

A B S T R A C TThe present study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting improving the quality of URBAN housing. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the research was the residents of 8 residential complexes of Atabak neighborhood in District 15 of Tehran. Based on Cochran's formula, 384 questionnaires were distributed among residents. Finally, 380 complete and error-free questionnaires were collected. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, the validity of which was verified in the form of face and face validity, as well as divergent validity and reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Analysis of data and information was done using SPSS and PLS software. The findings of this research showed physical quality with a path coefficient of 0.368, the variable of access to URBAN services with a path coefficient of 0.339, the variable of housing social conditions with a path coefficient of 0.169, and environmental quality with a path coefficient of 0.302 has a positive and significant impact on housing quality. According to the path coefficient obtained for the research variables, the amount of their impact on housing quality is evaluated as average. Among the identified factors, the factor of physical quality with a path coefficient of 0.368 has the most significant impact, and the factor of access to URBAN services with a path coefficient of 0.339 is ranked second. Also, this factor has a positive and significant effect on the physical quality factor of housing.Extended AbstractIntroductionAtabak neighborhood is one of the neighborhoods of District 15 of Tehran. In this neighborhood, physical changes have been made according to the interventions of the Tehran municipality in line with the implementation of the URBAN landscape plan and organized (inflow of private sector capital) in different years so far. Along with these interventions, the inadequacy of infrastructure and services to meet the population's needs has become this neighborhood's basic problem. Attention to its qualitative aspect needs to be addressed. This matter is important from the point of view of providing the city's basic needs, equitable distribution of facilities and resources, reducing URBAN inequalities, improving economic-social indicators, preventing unbridled and unplanned expansion, and ultimately improving the quality of life of the people. It demands that the quality of housing and the factors affecting it be evaluated and that a double effort be made to improve it, and it can provide a suitable context for providing suitable models of housing quality for citizens. Considering the mentioned cases, this research aims to answer the question:- What are the effective factors in improving the quality of housing? MethodologyThe current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in the category of applied research. Two library and field methods have collected the information needed for this research. In the field method, primary data collection has been done according to the research questions by designing a 5-scale Likert scale questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was the residents of Mobaat, Minabi, Atabek, Shahrak Sajjadieh, Yas, Zahid Gilani, Shahid Asadi, and Safa residential complexes located in Atabak neighborhood of District 15 of Tehran. The statistical population was equal to 20469 people, and based on Cochran's formula, 384 questionnaires were distributed among residents. Finally, 380 complete and error-free questionnaires were collected; the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed in the form of face and face validity as well as divergent validity. In order to check the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability were used, and according to the results presented in the research findings section, the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed. The data obtained from this research were analyzed using structural modeling using SPSS and PLS software. Results and discussion This research showed that physical quality has a positive and significant effect on improving housing quality; according to the value of the obtained path coefficient, which is equal to 0.368, the value of this effect is considered moderate. Based on the results, it can be said that physical dimensions, such as the physical crystallization of housing, are the most objective and material issues in housing evaluation, analysis, and PLANNING. Concerning the impact of access to URBAN services on the quality of housing, the findings indicated a significant impact of access to URBAN services. In explaining the results of this section, it can be said that gradually, the housing is changing from a single purpose to a shelter. Those other aspects of welfare and social comfort are also added; the limits of enjoying services and access to the essentials of life are shown to evaluate the housing quality. These indicators are very important in determining housing quality and are an integral part of housing PLANNING. Access to URBAN housing services is considered one of the main indicators of life, which the Population Crisis Committee has used to measure quality in the world's metropolises. In relation to social conditions and environmental quality on the quality of housing, the results of this research confirmed the impact of the social environment and environmental quality on the quality of housing. Creating residential spaces is a topic that has been discussed previously. From the beginning, human beings have tried to create a favorable living environment that matches the quality conditions of their residence's social and environmental environment. ConclusionThis research was written to explain the factors affecting improving the quality of URBAN housing. The findings of this research showed that among the studied factors, the physical quality factor with a path coefficient of 0.368 has the most significant impact on improving the quality of URBAN housing in Tehran, such that this factor can explain 13.5% of the variance of the housing quality condition variable. Physical quality is defined based on the structural basis of a building and is often defined in the form of rules and standards related to it. The physical quality is sometimes interpreted as the appearance of buildings. Since they are fixed and real things, they are the reason for the emergence of general indicators for housing evaluation. The second factor is access to URBAN services with a path coefficient of 0.339, so this factor can explain 11.4% of the variance of the housing quality condition variable. This factor has been ranked second regarding the impact on housing quality according to the path coefficient value obtained. In third place was the factor of environmental quality with the path coefficient value of 0.302, and this factor can explain 1.9% of the variance of the variable of housing quality. Moreover, in the last place is the factor of housing social conditions, which has a path coefficient of 0.196. Also, from the other results of this research, we can mention the positive effect of access to the quality of URBAN services on the improvement of the physical condition of housing, and the value of the path coefficient obtained for this effect is equal to 0.623 so that it is 38.8% of the variance of the variable. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionThe authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approthe contenttent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestThe authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

MODERN (theoretical) physics seems to be in deep crisis today as many of its core aspects are not empirically well-confirmed. Heated exchanges among physicists on the scientific status of physical theories with little or, at best, a tenuous connection to possible experimental tests is highly visible in the popular scientific literature. Some physicists (e.g., Carroll 2014, 2019; Ijjas et al., 2017) argue that science must discard empirical testability as one of its defining properties and the highly explanatory theories of present-day physics should be exempted from experimental testing, while others (e.g., Ellis & Silk 2014) spot in these arguments (for softening the testability or falsifiability requirement for MODERN physics) a dangerous tendency to undermine science. The philosopher of science who naturally draws most attention in these current debates is Karl Popper (1902-1994). His views, however, are often misrepresented in these debates. The prime objective of this paper is to explain how a more enlightened perspective on the ongoing debates can be obtained by a careful scrutiny of the Popperian criterion of falsifiability. As a first step in achieving this objective we will analyze the two major (conceptual) failures on which the current controversies rest. Our next step will be examining the controversial string theory to see whether the criteria of falsifiability is a ‘blunt instrument’ for determining its scientific status.

Contexualism, as an approach in URBAN PLANNING, holds that the URBAN elements are not valued in themselves, and should be apprehended, processed, and constructed in its total context and historical setting. This approach moved beyond the physical aspects of elements in their context, and throughout humanistic approach, the relevant studies developed into socio-cultural areas. The contexualists should recognise the URBAN elements and ideas, to apply them into the processes of URBAN PLANNING. Involving in these processes, this study reconstructed three major contexts out of a literature review:1) Physical Context deals with the existing elements of URBAN form.2) Historical Context concerns the historic order of the URBAN elements for inspiration.3) Socio-cultural Context referred to the shared important norms and values of the society as well as the meanings embodied in the elements of URBAN forms.Focusing on these 3 different contexts produced different interpretations on contexualism. This study is an attempt to address the terminology, theoretical assumptions, principles and design processes of the attitudes and to raise an accent over their applications within the contemporary URBAN PLANNING.

The present research is an applied research in terms of purpose, an analytical and descriptive research in terms of how data is collected, and finally, in terms of implementation, it is a survey type, and in terms of research method, it is a quantitative type. The statistical population in the present study consists of two parts, the first part is the local residents of subURBAN areas (Safadasht, Shahriyar, Mallard, Robat Karim, Islamshahr) that according to the census of the year (2016), the number of households in this area (1988113) that based on random sampling and Cochran method, (384) were selected as the sample population. In the second part, the statistical population includes experts and experts in this field, considering that the sample population in most fuzzy models is between 20-30 people, in this part of the research, 20 people (experts) was selected as the sample community. SPSS software, FAHP model, and GMIR model were also used to analyze the data.The results of one-sample t-test showed that the status of MODERN URBAN governance and regeneration of dysfunctional tissues in the proposed areas was assessed as unfavorable, and a significant and positive relationship was observed between these two variables. Also, the results of FAHP model showed that among the dimensions of regeneration, the physical dimension has the highest level of impact and the environmental dimension has the lowest level of impact from the new URBAN governance. Finally, the results of GMIR model in order to rank each of the URBAN areas showed that the URBAN area of Shahriar with 4812 has the highest rank and Safadasht with 3976 have the lowest rank.